Citation Styles

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is the world's largest educational and scientific computing society. ACM is based in the US, and is organized into local chapters and numerous Special Interest Groups (SIGs). ACM publishes over 50 journals and hosts numerous national conferences.

ACM uses the Chicago Manual of Style for text formatting.

• List References numerically, in the order that you have cited them.
• ACM's preference is for full names and not initials or abbreviations.

Example of a numerical entry for a webpage in the reference list:

[1]  Jakob Nielsen. 2020. 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design. Retrieved August 13,
     2021 from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/    
 

Please note: many websites show examples of ACM citations using author's surname and initials. Some show them in all caps. In the examples on ACM's own website, author names are given in full, first name first. e.g.:

[1] Patricia S. Abril and Robert Plant. 2007. The patent holder's dilemma: Buy, sell, or troll? Commun. ACM 50, 1 (Jan. 2007), 36-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1188913.1188915

[1] David Kosiur. 2001. Understanding Policy-Based Networking (2nd. ed.). Wiley, New York, NY.