Skip to Main Content

CHEM.2600: Information Retrieval for Chemists

Course outline, information and materials for all undergraduate chemists.

What is Hill Notation?

Hill notation is a standard way of writing the formula for any chemical compound. Hill notation is NOT unique for a compound. The empirical formula for any compound is written in correct Hill notation.

EXAMPLES:

1) H3C(CH2)8CH2NH2

First, Count All Carbon Atoms and record. C10
Second, Count all Hydrogen atoms and record: C10H23
Third, determine all other elements in compound. Count each and record in alphabetical order. C10H23N. 
When determining counts from a structural drawing, CAREFULLY count H atoms!!

2) [(CH3)3Si2]2NNa

          Counting all the Carbon atoms: C6
          Counting all the Hydrogen atoms: C6H18
          Determining all the other elements in the compound.  Count each and record in alphabetical order.

          C6H18NNaSi4

For any formula, if C is present, it always comes first.  It is followed by H, if there are any.  All other elements follow C (and H) in alphabetical order.  If there is no C in the compound, all elements are listed in alphabetical order, including H.

Example of Hill order

Hill order is the organization of formulas in Hill notation.  It allows compounds to be methodically indexed.  All compounds containing both Carbon and Hydrogen atoms have those listed first, with all other elements following, in alphabetical order. All compounds with C, have C listed first.  All compounds without C have elements listed in alphabetical order.  Numbers of atoms are arranged in ascending order, so that all C2 compounds appear before any C3.

The two examples below will help you understand the order.  Gary Wiggins was a prominent chemistry Librarian, at Indiana University.   Edwin Hill of the US Patent Office came up with the idea and published  the paper in 1900, in JACS, vol 22, p. 478-494.

 
Wiggins Book Edwin Hill paper
Al6Ca5O14 CAgNO
B2O3 CAgS
B2Zr3 CAg2O3
BrH CBr
CBaO3 CClHgN
CCl4 CCl2O3
CHCl3 CHAgO2
CHNO CHCl2I
CNaO3 CHCl3
C2Ca CH2Cl2
C2H4 CH3Br
C2H4BrCl CH3ClOP
C2H5AlBr2 CH3F
C5H8O2 CH4
C8H5NO2 CH5ClN
C22H24FN3O2 CH6AlNO8S2
CaO3Ti CH6ClN
H2O4S C2H2
H4Sn C2H6As